<一>、電除塵器收塵系統收塵極板介紹

極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是濕(shi)式靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)主(zhu)要部件之一(yi)(yi)。實踐證(zheng)明(ming)，在一(yi)(yi)個電(dian)(dian)場(chang)中，每一(yi)(yi)排(pai)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)整塊鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)制(zhi)成(cheng)，這一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是因(yin)為受(shou)到(dao)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)規格的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi)，另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)整塊的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)安裝很(hen)(hen)不方(fang)便，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)時也(ye)會因(yin)受(shou)熱和(he)受(shou)冷發生彎(wan)曲變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，因(yin)此，極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)均制(zhi)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)細長條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。臥(wo)式電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式很(hen)(hen)多。如：網(wang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、棒(bang)幃狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、魚(yu)鱗(lin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、波(bo)紋(wen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、C形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、Z形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、CW形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、ZT形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、H字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。網(wang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，防(fang)(fang)二次飛(fei)揚(yang)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)差(cha)，僅適于(yu)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)風(feng)速小(xiao)、溫(wen)度(du)高的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，目前設(she)計(ji)中己(ji)不采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了。棒(bang)幃狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)排(pai)由(you)(you)若(ruo)干根φ8~φ9mm的(de)(de)(de)圓鋼(gang)(gang)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)，它(ta)(ta)和(he)網(wang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)樣，在高溫(wen)下使用(yong)(yong)(yong)時變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)，但(dan)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)二次飛(fei)揚(yang)大(da)，所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)風(feng)速應小(xiao)于(yu)0.6m/s。目前己(ji)很(hen)(hen)少使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。魚(yu)鱗(lin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是由(you)(you)三層鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)組(zu)成(cheng)，它(ta)(ta)雖有(you)(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)止二次飛(fei)揚(yang)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，但(dan)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)鋼(gang)(gang)材消耗量(liang)大(da)，極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)差(cha)，所(suo)以(yi)新設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)也(ye)不宜采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。波(bo)紋(wen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是五十年代(dai)(dai)末期開始使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)(ta)比魚(yu)鱗(lin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)有(you)(you)所(suo)改(gai)進，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)較(jiao)輕(qing)，剛度(du)較(jiao)大(da)，但(dan)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)防(fang)(fang)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)二次飛(fei)揚(yang)和(he)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)，目前也(ye)己(ji)被(bei)淘汰。C形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是六十年代(dai)(dai)初期出現的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，由(you)(you)于(yu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)阻流寬度(du)大(da)，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充分(fen)(fen)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)空間，所(suo)以(yi)很(hen)(hen)快地(di)被(bei)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式所(suo)代(dai)(dai)替(ti)。Z形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)從1965年起是我國普遍采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度(du)分(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)均勻)、防(fang)(fang)止粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)二次飛(fei)揚(yang)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)及振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)加(jia)速度(du)分(fen)(fen)布均勻的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)，重量(liang)也(ye)較(jiao)輕(qing)，但(dan)經過長期實踐，發現由(you)(you)于(yu)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)風(feng)溝(gou)朝向相反(fan)，極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在懸吊后容(rong)易(yi)出現扭(niu)曲。大(da)C形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)保持(chi)了Z形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)良好的(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，克服了Z形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)發生扭(niu)曲的(de)(de)(de)缺點，另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)將其(qi)(qi)厚度(du)由(you)(you)原來的(de)(de)(de)2mm改(gai)為1.5mm，地(di)節約了鋼(gang)(gang)材的(de)(de)(de)消耗量(liang)。CW極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是聯邦(bang)德國魯奇(qi)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，它(ta)(ta)具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)打性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，但(dan)制(zhi)造困難，己(ji)被(bei)ZT形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)所(suo)代(dai)(dai)替(ti)。另外還(huan)有(you)(you)BE型和(he)V型極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)。在我國電(dian)(dian)力系統所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)中，目前主(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)C型極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。

電除塵器收(shou)塵極板應具有的工作性能(neng)

(1)足夠的(de)剛度(du)，較少(shao)的(de)鋼(gang)材消耗量；

(2)良(liang)好的防(fang)止(zhi)粉塵(chen)二次飛揚的性能；

(3)振(zhen)打力傳(chuan)遞(di)性能好，振(zhen)打加速(su)度值(zhi)分布較均勻，清(qing)灰效(xiao)果好；

(4)板邊緣沒(mei)有銳邊、毛刺，沒(mei)有局部放電現象(xiang)；

(5)良好的(de)電性能，板(ban)電流(liu)密度(du)和極板(ban)附近場(chang)強分(fen)布較均勻。

<二>、靜電除(chu)塵器煙氣調(diao)質技術

粉塵比(bi)(bi)電阻(zu)是制(zhi)約靜電除塵器除塵效(xiao)率(lv)提高的一個重要因素，其中高比(bi)(bi)電阻(zu)的影響很為顯(xian)著。為了降低粉塵的比(bi)(bi)電阻(zu)，很早(zao)就己(ji)采用了在(zai)煙(yan)氣中加入調質劑的技術，從而改變除塵效(xiao)果。主要方法有以下幾種：

(1)加(jia)濕(shi)調(diao)質處(chu)理(li)；采用噴水、噴蒸(zheng)汽和原料加(jia)濕(shi)等方法進行調(diao)理(li)。增濕(shi)可(ke)以(yi)降低煙氣溫度，在條(tiao)件(jian)下可(ke)使比(bi)電阻處(chu)于較適(shi)宜收塵的(de)范圍，很(hen)重要的(de)是可(ke)以(yi)降低粉(fen)塵的(de)比(bi)電阻，提高(gao)收塵效率。濕(shi)法調(diao)質會帶來實際應用中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)些問題(ti)，如增大了煙氣結(jie)露的(de)可(ke)能性、粉(fen)塵結(jie)塊、電暈(yun)線肥大、清灰困(kun)難和對靜電除塵器配(pei)件(jian)保溫提出(chu)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)要求等。

(2)化學(xue)(xue)調(diao)質處理(li)；克(ke)服高比電阻(zu)有時只要加少量的(de)化學(xue)(xue)調(diao)理(li)劑(ji)就能奏效，問(wen)題是(shi)發現適當的(de)調(diao)理(li)劑(ji)并(bing)不那(nei)么容易。用(yong)的(de)較廣泛的(de)化學(xue)(xue)調(diao)理(li)劑(ji)有SO2。氯化物(wu)調(diao)理(li)某些氧(yang)化物(wu)煙塵是(shi)有用(yong)的(de)，其他化學(xue)(xue)調(diao)理(li)劑(ji)還有碘化理(li)和氨的(de)衍生物(wu)一一氨基磺酸、硫酸錢等。化學(xue)(xue)調(diao)質會導致運行費(fei)急劇(ju)增(zeng)加、形成(cheng)氣體污染(ran)物(wu)、以及腐蝕等問(wen)題。

(3)其它物理方法

如在(zai)高比電(dian)阻粉塵中摻入導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)粒(li)子(zi)進行調質的(de)辦法。該方法并不(bu)增加原(yuan)有粒(li)子(zi)的(de)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率，而是由引(yin)入的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)粒(li)子(zi)構(gou)成讓電(dian)流流過粉塵層的(de)低(di)電(dian)阻并聯通道。這純粹是物理性質的(de)作用(yong)，通常需要加入相當大數量的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)粒(li)子(zi)，并使它們均勻混合才能奏效，因此限制了它的(de)實際應(ying)用(yong)。