其一、濕式靜電除塵器的結構和性能

濕式靜電除(chu)塵器(qi)是煤(mei)氣(qi)生產行(xing)(xing)業中的(de)(de)煤(mei)氣(qi)凈化設備(bei)，按照除(chu)塵工藝的(de)(de)不同可分為濕式和干式兩種類(lei)型。相比較而(er)舀，濕式靜電除(chu)塵器(qi)很為廣泛的(de)(de)應用。而(er)在日常(chang)生產運(yun)行(xing)(xing)中，電除(chu)塵器(qi)會經常(chang)出現(xian)一些(xie)故障，降低了設備(bei)的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)效率，影響到(dao)生產正常(chang)進行(xing)(xing)。

本文著眼十實(shi)際生產，對濕式靜(jing)電除塵器在生產運行中(zhong)經常出現(xian)的故障進(jin)行細致具(ju)體的分析，并(bing)比提(ti)出了切實(shi)的處理辦法(fa)和(he)防范措施。

常見濕式(shi)電除(chu)塵器(qi)為管式(shi)除(chu)塵器(qi)，土要由沉淀(dian)極、電暈極、絕緣子箱、沖洗裝置和煤氣分布(bu)裝置構成。

沉淀極(ji)由相切管束(shu)構(gou)成，是電(dian)除塵器的正極(ji)，煤氣中的焦油(you)和(he)塵粒由此(ci)捕集。

電暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)多由鎳鉻合金制成，被(bei)上(shang)下吊(diao)架拉伸到(dao)(dao)每個(ge)沉(chen)淀(dian)管的(de)(de)中心(xin)，電暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)高壓電將(jiang)煤氣分子(zi)電離(li)(li)，負離(li)(li)子(zi)附著在焦油和(he)塵埃(ai)上(shang)，被(bei)沉(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)所吸引，從而達(da)到(dao)(dao)去除(chu)焦油和(he)塵粒的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

絕(jue)緣(yuan)子(zi)箱內(nei)置穿(chuan)墻套管(guan)和柱形絕(jue)緣(yuan)子(zi)，引入高壓電源(yuan)，并(bing)承吊電暈極。絕(jue)緣(yuan)子(zi)箱夾套內(nei)通(tong)人蒸汽，給(gei)絕(jue)緣(yuan)子(zi)保溫，減輕煤(mei)氣對其(qi)表(biao)面的污染，延長使用壽命沖洗裝置由(you)連續沖洗裝置和間斷沖洗裝置組成。

連(lian)續沖洗(xi)水在沉淀管(guan)內(nei)壁上(shang)形成8mm-10mm厚的均勻水膜，沖洗(xi)去沉淀極捕集下來(lai)的焦油；間斷沖洗(xi)水有較高(gao)的壓力和流量，可較地沖去虱在管(guan)壁上(shang)的焦油。

煤(mei)(mei)氣分布裝置位(wei)于(yu)電除塵(chen)器的(de)底部(bu)，由2層~3層煤(mei)(mei)氣分布篩板構成，起到(dao)均(jun)勻布氣的(de)作用。

其二、燃煤火(huo)力(li)發電中的靜電除(chu)塵(chen)技(ji)術

濕式靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器配(pei)件(jian)是在(zai)接有直流(liu)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)的陰極(ji)與陽極(ji)板之(zhi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場通過煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)氣(qi)體，電(dian)(dian)(dian)離煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)氣(qi)體。負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)體離子向(xiang)陽板運動(dong)過程中(zhong)與煙(yan)塵(chen)(chen)結合(he)使其帶負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)陽極(ji)運動(dong)并沉積于陽極(ji)板上。

可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)比較傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)方(fang)式(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)將工頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)升壓(ya)(ya)然后半控(kong)(kong)(kong)整流，這種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)脈動較大(da)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰(feng)值(zhi)不能(neng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，所(suo)以輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)平均值(zhi)比擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低。隨著全控(kong)(kong)(kong)型(xing)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，尤其是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IGBT發(fa)展，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)具有新一代優異(yi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采用(yong)逆變(bian)方(fang)式(shi)，可(ke)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)脈沖寬(kuan)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)微秒級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)(shi)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈動小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)平均值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，具有很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)度(du)(du)，很(hen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)子(zi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和很(hen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率(lv)(lv)，可(ke)減少煙塵(chen)(chen)排放(fang)40%~70%，并且(qie)可(ke)減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)50%~80%。高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火花控(kong)(kong)(kong)制特(te)(te)性好(hao)，在火花放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場合(he)，可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅為(wei)(wei)半控(kong)(kong)(kong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件，會縮小其導通(tong)角，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)下(xia)降(jiang)，而高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在幾(ji)個開關(guan)(guan)(guan)周(zhou)期內能(neng)恢復供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，了輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。另(ling)外，高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工況(kuang)可(ke)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)較為(wei)(wei)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)；高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)(lv)通(tong)常能(neng)達到90%以上(shang)；高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)于(yu)(yu)采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，具有體積(ji)小重量輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點，可(ke)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)集成(cheng)，重量僅為(wei)(wei)工頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/4；高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)輔(fu)助設備少，安裝(zhuang)方(fang)便，節(jie)省(sheng)了費用(yong)；高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采用(yong)三相交流供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，無(wu)缺相損耗，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網影響小。高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)目前有兩種(zhong)形式(shi)，一種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)PWM關(guan)(guan)(guan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，一種(zhong)使用(yong)串(chuan)聯諧(xie)振(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路實現軟開關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

串聯諧振高頻(pin)電(dian)源是將PWM移相控(kong)制與諧振變(bian)換控(kong)制相結合，通(tong)過(guo)兩橋臂(bei)之間移相角的控(kong)制來調節(jie)輸出電(dian)壓，通(tong)過(guo)恒(heng)(heng)頻(pin)控(kong)制實現功率(lv)開關(guan)管的零電(dian)壓零電(dian)流(liu)(liu)軟開關(guan)，減小了開關(guan)損耗和噪聲干擾，實現較高的開關(guan)頻(pin)率(lv)，并(bing)具有類似恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)源的特性，能(neng)除塵電(dian)場火花(hua)(hua)的大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)沖(chong)擊，并(bing)熄滅火花(hua)(hua)并(bing)恢(hui)復電(dian)場的能(neng)量。