其一、影響電除塵器除塵效率的四類主要因素

影響靜電除(chu)塵(chen)器性(xing)能的因素很多，可以(yi)大致歸納(na)為(wei)如下四大類：

1、粉塵特性，主要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)粉塵的粒徑分(fen)布(bu)，真(zhen)密度(du)和(he)堆積密度(du)，粘附性和(he)比電阻等。

2、煙(yan)氣性質，主(zhu)要(yao)包括煙(yan)氣溫度、壓力、成分、濕(shi)度、流速和含塵濃度等。

3、結構因素，包括(kuo)電暈(yun)線(xian)的幾何形狀(zhuang)、直徑(jing)、數量和(he)線(xian)間(jian)距，收塵(chen)極的形式(shi)(shi)，極板(ban)斷面(mian)形狀(zhuang)、極板(ban)間(jian)距、極板(ban)面(mian)積(ji)以及電場數、電場長度(du)，供電方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，振(zhen)打方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)、強度(du)、周期)，氣流分布裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，外殼嚴密程度(du)，灰(hui)(hui)斗(dou)形式(shi)(shi)和(he)出灰(hui)(hui)口鎖風裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等。

4、操作因素，包括伏一安特(te)性、漏風率、氣(qi)流短路、粉(fen)塵(chen)二次(ci)飛揚和(he)電暈線肥大等。

特(te)別(bie)是粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)和煙氣的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性，對電收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)性能影響尤為顯(xian)著。因煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)發生裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)類型、構造、原料(liao)、燃(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)種類、混合比(bi)、燃(ran)燒方式以(yi)及其它(ta)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同而有(you)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)。因此(ci)，電除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)裝(zhuang)置與(yu)其它(ta)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)裝(zhuang)置一樣，即使有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)性能，但是由于外界條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)，也會往(wang)往(wang)達(da)不(bu)到預(yu)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)效果。而且電除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)對外界條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)較其它(ta)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)裝(zhuang)置很(hen)為敏感(gan)。所以(yi)在(zai)設計(ji)或選用電除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器之前應充分(fen)掌握影響電除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器性能的(de)(de)(de)諸因素。

在現場(chang)運行(xing)經驗(yan)中，高比(bi)電阻粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)反電暈和粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)二(er)次飛揚是(shi)影響電除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率的主要因素(su)。

其二、電(dian)除(chu)塵器的氣體(ti)含塵濃度對除(chu)塵效(xiao)率的影響

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)降(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)均(jun)勻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正離(li)子(zi)(zi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi))向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)降(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。正負(fu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)各(ge)自向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)移動(dong)(dong)，形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達0.6~1.0m/s。由于暈(yun)(yun)外區比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區大(da)得多，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)負(fu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)居于主(zhu)導地位，即(ji)(ji)由負(fu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)是(shi)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)微(wei)(wei)粒捕獲負(fu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)后(hou)，也成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)帶(dai)(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒子(zi)(zi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)降(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)種帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)微(wei)(wei)粒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)很慢，只有(you)每(mei)秒幾(ji)(ji)厘米，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中形(xing)成(cheng)空間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。當氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)低(di)時，帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)微(wei)(wei)粒受到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響而(er)加速向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)降(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)移動(dong)(dong)，改變(bian)了(le)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率，但當氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)量過大(da)時，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正負(fu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)微(wei)(wei)粒所(suo)飽和(he)，高速運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)低(di)速運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)微(wei)(wei)粒所(suo)代替，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)停(ting)止，高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幾(ji)(ji)乎降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)到零，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)受到，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)受到影響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率下降(jiang)(jiang)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)封閉(bi)現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。為(wei)(wei)此，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器入(ru)口處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)取二次除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法來解(jie)決，即(ji)(ji)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器之前(qian)，先經(jing)過旋(xuan)風(feng)(feng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器或其它除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)設(she)備進行預(yu)處理，以(yi)(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)濕式靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器配件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。此外，改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀例如采(cai)用芒刺形(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也有(you)助于減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)封閉(bi)現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。目前(qian)對造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)封閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值尚無實踐資料，一般認為(wei)(wei)入(ru)口含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在40~60g/Nm3以(yi)(yi)下尚不(bu)致(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)封閉(bi)現象。

含塵(chen)氣體的(de)溫度(du)高低(di)主要影響(xiang)粉塵(chen)的(de)比(bi)電(dian)阻。在(zai)低(di)溫時，粉塵(chen)表(biao)面吸附(fu)物、水蒸氣或其它化學物質的(de)影響(xiang)起主導作(zuo)用，隨(sui)著(zhu)溫度(du)的(de)升高，這種作(zuo)用減弱，而使(shi)(shi)粉塵(chen)的(de)比(bi)電(dian)阻增加。在(zai)高溫時，塵(chen)粒本身的(de)導電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)起主導作(zuo)用，隨(sui)著(zhu)溫度(du)的(de)升高，塵(chen)粒中質點的(de)能(neng)量(liang)增加，導電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)增強，而使(shi)(shi)比(bi)電(dian)阻降低(di)。

另一方(fang)面(mian)，氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)和密度(du)(du)(du)都與(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)有關。溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)時，氣(qi)(qi)體質(zhi)點(dian)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)內摩擦力加大，因此氣(qi)(qi)體粘(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)增大，從(cong)而(er)使荷(he)電(dian)粉塵(chen)(chen)驅進速度(du)(du)(du)降低，電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器除塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)隨之降低。在的(de)(de)(de)壓力下(xia)，氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)密度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)變化成反比，而(er)氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)壓與(yu)密度(du)(du)(du)成正比。也就是(shi)說(shuo)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)時，氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)密度(du)(du)(du)減小(xiao)，擊穿電(dian)壓降低，使電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)除塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)降低；溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)降低時，氣(qi)(qi)體密度(du)(du)(du)增大，擊穿電(dian)壓升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器除塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)增大。從(cong)提效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)來看，應使含塵(chen)(chen)氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)低于160℃或(huo)高(gao)(gao)于430℃。