【一】、電除塵器移動電極ESP(MEEP-ESP)的發展情況

移(yi)動(dong)電(dian)極(MEEP)技(ji)術成功地解決了(le)沉(chen)積(ji)在(zai)收塵(chen)(chen)極板(ban)上的高比電(dian)阻微細粉塵(chen)(chen)用(yong)振打方(fang)式很難這一難題。其基(ji)本原理(li)是：將(jiang)收塵(chen)(chen)極板(ban)做成可以上下移(yi)動(dong)的形(xing)式，再用(yong)旋轉的刷(shua)子在(zai)下部灰斗(dou)內側刷(shua)掉被(bei)捕(bu)集的粉塵(chen)(chen)，始終保持收塵(chen)(chen)極板(ban)表面相對清(qing)潔，且清(qing)灰在(zai)非氣流(liu)區進行，從而防(fang)止反(fan)電(dian)暈的形(xing)成和粉塵(chen)(chen)振打二(er)次飛揚的發生，除塵(chen)(chen)。

MEEO-ESP通常由(you)(you)位(wei)于(yu)煙氣上游的(de)(de)(de)常規固(gu)(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和位(wei)于(yu)下(xia)游的(de)(de)(de)一個移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)組成，固(gu)(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)多少根據煙氣入口粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)濃(nong)度(du)等參數(shu)來定(ding)，條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)是要進入下(xia)游移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)濃(nong)度(du)在(zai)1000mg/Nm3以(yi)下(xia)。這(zhe)不(bu)僅是為了MEEP出口的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)排放(fang)濃(nong)度(du)，同時也(ye)是為了減少移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)磨損，延(yan)長使用壽命。移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)采用可移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)和可旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)刷(shua)子。其收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由(you)(you)若干個分離的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)狀極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)上并通過(guo)鏈條(tiao)聯接組成鏈板(ban)，再由(you)(you)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪驅使鏈板(ban)回轉(zhuan)往復運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)被安裝在(zai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)捕(bu)集(ji)區(qu)范圍內，位(wei)于(yu)收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)(jian)。當含塵(chen)煙氣通過(guo)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)捕(bu)集(ji)區(qu)時，粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力作用下(xia)被條(tiao)狀收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)吸附，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)在(zai)收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)層還(huan)未達(da)到足以(yi)形成反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈的(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)時，就被移(yi)到了沒有煙氣通過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)于(yu)灰(hui)斗(dou)內的(de)(de)(de)非粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)捕(bu)集(ji)區(qu)，該(gai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)層隨即被兩把夾住收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)，粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)被刮落到灰(hui)斗(dou)中。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方向與(yu)收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方向相反，被清刷(shua)干凈的(de)(de)(de)收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)由(you)(you)下(xia)部鏈輪的(de)(de)(de)反轉(zhuan)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)再次進入收塵(chen)區(qu)，如此循(xun)環。通過(guo)變(bian)頻實現無極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)調速達(da)到收塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速度(du)(通常控制在(zai)0.1~0.5m/min之間(jian)(jian))和旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)角速度(du)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同配比，以(yi)適應煤種、煙氣、工況條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)等系統(tong)參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。

其(qi)中燃(ran)煤鍋爐29臺(tai)、鋼鐵8臺(tai)、污泥焚燒(shao)5臺(tai)、陶瓷業(ye)3臺(tai)、其(qi)它4臺(tai)。目前(qian)我(wo)國已(yi)有數(shu)家(jia)公(gong)司(si)自主了同(tong)類技術，并(bing)在幾(ji)個項目上試(shi)用(yong)，情況良好(hao)，正(zheng)在作進一步改變。實際應用(yong)情況表明(ming)：MEEP-ESP不僅(jin)適用(yong)于常(chang)規ESP難以收集的(de)(de)高比電阻粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)、微細粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)和粘(zhan)性粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)等(deng)，而且還特(te)別(bie)適用(yong)于燃(ran)用(yong)困難煤種(zhong)和煤種(zhong)多變的(de)(de)爐窯所產(chan)生的(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)，以及設備場地受限的(de)(de)情況。能以相對較(jiao)小的(de)(de)集塵(chen)(chen)面(mian)積(ji)實現較(jiao)高的(de)(de)收塵(chen)(chen)效率，以相對較(jiao)少的(de)(de)設備投資達(da)到較(jiao)大的(de)(de)經濟收益。

【二】、電除(chu)塵器的(de)基本(ben)原理(li)

電(dian)除塵器(qi)是一種工(gong)業(ye)除塵設施，其利用高(gao)電(dian)壓產生(sheng)的(de)強(qiang)場強(qiang)，產生(sheng)電(dian)暈放電(dian)，進而(er)使(shi)粉塵荷電(dian)，并利用電(dian)場力實現(xian)粒(li)子與氣流的(de)分離(li)。作為(wei)大(da)氣污染治理方面的(de)主要設備之一，電(dian)除塵器(qi)被廣(guang)泛(fan)應用于火力發電(dian)、金(jin)屬(shu)冶煉等行業(ye)。

靜電(dian)(dian)除塵器配件的除塵過程(cheng)主要包括以下5個相關過程(cheng)：電(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，懸浮塵粒荷(he)電(dian)(dian)，荷(he)電(dian)(dian)塵粒在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)場中的運動(dong)，粉塵粒子在(zai)(zai)收塵極上被捕集，振(zhen)打清(qing)灰(hui)。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與收(shou)(shou)(shou)塵極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)施加足夠高(gao)的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，兩極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)產生極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不均(jun)勻(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)附(fu)(fu)近(jin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度較高(gao)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)周圍氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)，即產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)生成大量(liang)自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)和正(zheng)離(li)(li)子(zi)，自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)附(fu)(fu)著在(zai)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)分子(zi)上(shang)形成負(fu)離(li)(li)子(zi)，含塵氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場時，負(fu)離(li)(li)子(zi)與塵粒碰撞(zhuang)，實現粉塵的(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)作用下，荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵向(xiang)收(shou)(shou)(shou)塵極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)移(yi)動(dong)，從而(er)被收(shou)(shou)(shou)塵極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)集。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)作用下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)內的(de)正(zheng)離(li)(li)子(zi)向(xiang)相鄰的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)移(yi)動(dong)，并且(qie)與塵粒碰撞(zhuang)使(shi)其荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，荷正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)塵粒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)作用下附(fu)(fu)著在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)。