<一>、煙溫升高對飛灰比電阻及ESP效率的影響

煙溫對(dui)濕式靜電(dian)除塵器效率的(de)影(ying)響主要因煙氣及粉塵物(wu)性變化而引起(qi)，并可歸納為以下幾個方面：飛灰比電(dian)阻(zu)；煙氣流量(liang)；煙氣粘度(du)或驅進速度(du)。煙溫升高時，這些(xie)因素對(dui)于(yu)ESP的(de)效率多產生影(ying)響。

在100℃~150℃區(qu)間內，飛(fei)灰(hui)比電(dian)阻隨煙溫升高呈上升趨勢。從(cong)表中可知，在100℃~150℃區(qu)間內，飛(fei)飛(fei)灰(hui)比電(dian)阻與ESP除塵(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)關系，此時電(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)除塵(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)隨飛(fei)灰(hui)比電(dian)阻的(de)增(zeng)加而降(jiang)低。

由(you)于此時飛灰(hui)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)好，較容易釋(shi)放負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，形成與收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極板上(shang)同性(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，由(you)于同性(xing)相(xiang)斥，收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極板上(shang)飛灰(hui)會(hui)(hui)產生跳躍現象，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過飛灰(hui)層傳導(dao)到(dao)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極上(shang)，故除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)降(jiang)低。當飛灰(hui)的(de)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過大(da)(da)，飛灰(hui)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能變差，釋(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷速度(du)(du)慢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)層就會(hui)(hui)受到(dao)限(xian)制，這將(jiang)影響到(dao)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒子的(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)量、荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度(du)(du)等，嚴重時會(hui)(hui)產生反電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)現象，然后將(jiang)導(dao)致除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)幅(fu)(fu)度(du)(du)下(xia)降(jiang)。另外，飛灰(hui)的(de)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)對飛灰(hui)的(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)附力有(you)較大(da)(da)的(de)影響，高比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)導(dao)致飛灰(hui)的(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)附力增大(da)(da)，以致電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)的(de)飛灰(hui)層要(yao)增大(da)(da)振打強度(du)(du)，這將(jiang)導(dao)致比(bi)正常情況(kuang)下(xia)很大(da)(da)的(de)二次揚塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，其(qi)然后也導(dao)致除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)幅(fu)(fu)度(du)(du)下(xia)降(jiang)。

靜電除塵器在(zai)(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)中(zhong)所應用(yong)在(zai)(zai)我國工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化高速發(fa)展的(de)(de)背景下，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)中(zhong)所應用(yong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關技術也(ye)有(you)了突破性(xing)進(jin)展。我國工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化的(de)(de)發(fa)展能夠(gou)在(zai)(zai)程度(du)上帶動國民經濟的(de)(de)持續性(xing)增長，但(dan)同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)會(hui)帶來的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)過程中(zhong)，都會(hui)用(yong)到鍋爐(lu)(lu)，而(er)當(dang)鍋爐(lu)(lu)內(nei)煤炭燃燒溫度(du)達(da)到120~150℃的(de)(de)范圍，就會(hui)產(chan)出(chu)許多氣體與余熱。

這樣不僅會(hui)造(zao)成環境污(wu)染問題，還會(hui)造(zao)成資源浪(lang)費。

尤其(qi)是在(zai)大力提倡節能減(jian)排、節能降耗的(de)(de)(de)背景(jing)下，這對(dui)我(wo)(wo)國工(gong)(gong)業(ye)產業(ye)提出了(le)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，要(yao)求我(wo)(wo)國眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)深刻認識到該問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)嚴重性(xing)，要(yao)地處理該問(wen)題，實(shi)現工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)與(yu)自然環境平衡性(xing)發展。因而，我(wo)(wo)國眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)產業(ye)逐漸提高(gao)了(le)對(dui)熱能回(hui)收(shou)利用的(de)(de)(de)重視程度(du)，經研究發現鍋爐煙氣(qi)余熱回(hui)收(shou)對(dui)靜電除塵(chen)器有著的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，不僅(jin)能夠(gou)實(shi)現余熱的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)收(shou)，還(huan)能夠(gou)達(da)到工(gong)(gong)業(ye)除塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)效果。本文主要(yao)是以工(gong)(gong)業(ye)所(suo)應用的(de)(de)(de)燃燒劣(lie)質的(de)(de)(de)無煙煤(mei)135MW型號的(de)(de)(de)循環性(xing)硫(liu)化(hua)床為例，將其(qi)鍋爐機(ji)組進行余熱回(hui)收(shou)性(xing)裝置的(de)(de)(de)加裝，地分析鍋爐煙氣(qi)余熱對(dui)靜電除塵(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，研究其(qi)可(ke)達(da)到的(de)(de)(de)節能減(jian)排效果。

<二>;、鍋爐煙氣(qi)電(dian)除塵電(dian)氣(qi)控制回路基本原理特(te)點

　靜電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)器配件運行是否正常直接影響(xiang)到鍋爐煙(yan)氣灰塵(chen)(chen)排放，為此及時預防及電(dian)氣系(xi)統的故(gu)障才(cai)能電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)系(xi)統運行。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵器是在(zai)兩個曲(qu)率半徑(jing)相(xiang)差較大的(de)(de)(de)金屬陽極和陰(yin)極上，通(tong)過(guo)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，維持一個足以(yi)使(shi)(shi)氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后所生成的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，陰(yin)離(li)子和陽離(li)子，吸附在(zai)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)塵上，而使(shi)(shi)粉(fen)塵獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)力的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下，便向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極性相(xiang)反的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極運行而沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上，可達到粉(fen)塵和氣體分離(li)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

電除塵電氣控(kong)制的特(te)點

控制(zhi)(zhi)器的控制(zhi)(zhi)特性參數均可(ke)在上(shang)位機(ji)(ji)中(zhong)修改和設(she)定(ding)。設(she)定(ding)后由控制(zhi)(zhi)設(she)備(bei)中(zhong)可(ke)記憶存儲器保存，失電(dian)后參數不丟失。設(she)備(bei)的工(gong)作方(fang)式、運(yun)(yun)行電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)由上(shang)位機(ji)(ji)自動調(diao)整至除塵較佳(jia)狀態(tai)。控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式分為全(quan)波(bo)、雙半波(bo)間歇供電(dian)、單半波(bo)間歇供電(dian)三大(da)模式。具(ju)有的超電(dian)壓限制(zhi)(zhi)和限流(liu)控制(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施，設(she)備(bei)在運(yun)(yun)行過程中(zhong)不出現(xian)輸出電(dian)壓過壓現(xian)象和電(dian)流(liu)超額(e)現(xian)象。

電壓電場的保護

由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)內(nei)部(bu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)者控制(zhi)(zhi)回路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)導致除塵器(qi)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)不能正常工(gong)作，當設備(bei)運行中出(chu)現故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時，控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)呈現故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)類(lei)型、發出(chu)聲響警報并自動切(qie)斷主電(dian)(dian)源。保護(hu)功(gong)能主要包括：過流保護(hu)、負(fu)(fu)載短路(lu)保護(hu)、負(fu)(fu)載開(kai)路(lu)保護(hu)、危險油溫保護(hu)、ScR短路(lu)保護(hu)、偏勵磁(ci)保護(hu)、過壓限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)保護(hu)和(he)過流限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)保護(hu)。