其一、提高微細顆粒的脫除效率

微(wei)細(xi)顆粒(li)物(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)輕、粒(li)徑小、流(liu)動(dong)跟(gen)隨性(xing)(xing)好、吸附性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)且較(jiao)難脫(tuo)除，是造(zao)成大氣(qi)能見度(du)降低(di)、灰霾天氣(qi)、酸雨、氣(qi)候變化(hua)等重大問題(ti)的(de)(de)重要(yao)因素(su)，由(you)其(qi)引發(fa)的(de)(de)污染已成為我(wo)(wo)國突出的(de)(de)大氣(qi)環境問題(ti)，而燃(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)是引起我(wo)(wo)國大氣(qi)環境中微(wei)細(xi)顆粒(li)物(wu)濃(nong)度(du)增(zeng)加的(de)(de)重要(yao)污染源(yuan)之一。干(gan)式(shi)靜電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)(DESP)具率高(gao)、能耗低(di)、煙(yan)氣(qi)處(chu)理量(liang)大等優(you)點，目前我(wo)(wo)國有(you)90%~的(de)(de)燃(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)采用DESP對燃(ran)煤(mei)煙(yan)氣(qi)進行除塵(chen)處(chu)理，但由(you)于微(wei)細(xi)顆粒(li)(粒(li)徑小于10μm)荷電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果差(cha)，電(dian)(dian)遷移率低(di)，其(qi)脫(tuo)除效(xiao)率并不理想，通常不超(chao)過90%；此(ci)外，DESP靠振(zhen)打清灰，易出現(xian)(xian)二次揚塵(chen)及反(fan)電(dian)(dian)暈現(xian)(xian)象，也降低(di)了對細(xi)顆粒(li)物(wu)脫(tuo)除效(xiao)率。目前工業多采取增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)場數(shu)、增(zeng)加除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)寬度(du)和增(zeng)加除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)等手段(duan)來增(zeng)加收(shou)塵(chen)面積，從(cong)而提高(gao)濕式(shi)靜電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)脫(tuo)除效(xiao)率，但該改造(zao)方案需增(zeng)加占地面積、投資(zi)運行費用較(jiao)高(gao)，適用的(de)(de)項目范圍(wei)較(jiao)窄陣，且振(zhen)打導(dao)致的(de)(de)顆粒(li)物(wu)脫(tuo)除效(xiao)率降低(di)的(de)(de)關鍵性(xing)(xing)問題(ti)依舊沒有(you)解決。

為適(shi)應新(xin)排放標(biao)準(zhun)，提高(gao)微細顆(ke)粒的(de)脫除(chu)(chu)效率，在傳(chuan)統DESP除(chu)(chu)塵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上發展新(xin)型除(chu)(chu)塵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)為研究趨勢，新(xin)型靜電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵增(zeng)(zeng)效技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主要包括移(yi)動極(ji)板技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、低(di)低(di)溫技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、電(dian)袋復合式除(chu)(chu)塵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和濕式靜電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。但在實際工業應用(yong)中，移(yi)動極(ji)板技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陽極(ji)板機械結構過于(yu)復雜，制作、運行(xing)成(cheng)本高(gao)，設備(bei)維(wei)護困難；低(di)低(di)溫電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵器技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)加裝熱交換裝置會帶來系統流(liu)體阻力增(zeng)(zeng)加及(ji)設備(bei)占地(di)面積增(zeng)(zeng)加等問題，同時由于(yu)煙氣溫度降低(di)到酸結露以下，換熱器及(ji)電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵器均存在酸腐蝕風險(xian)。

電袋(dai)復合式(shi)除塵技術在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)運行(xing)中難以處理高溫煙氣，易(yi)出現“燒袋(dai)”現象，且(qie)對鍋爐運行(xing)煙氣濕度及含(han)氧(yang)量要(yao)求(qiu)高，輔助系統復雜，故障率(lv)較高。

而(er)WESP與常規的(de)(de)DESP除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)原理及結構基本相同，使用噴淋系統(tong)(tong)在(zai)收塵(chen)(chen)極形(xing)成(cheng)水膜代(dai)替傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)DESP的(de)(de)振(zhen)打清灰系統(tong)(tong)，兼具(ju)DESP的(de)(de)優點且克服(fu)了(le)反電(dian)(dian)暈和二次(ci)揚塵(chen)(chen)問(wen)題，結構簡單同時又沒有以上增效技術(shu)存在(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，具(ju)有很高的(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率，隨著火(huo)電(dian)(dian)廠大(da)氣污(wu)染物排放(fang)標(biao)準的(de)(de)日趨嚴格(ge)，濕式電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器在(zai)燃煤電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)應用越來越廣泛，針對濕靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器脫除(chu)(chu)(chu)微細顆粒的(de)(de)問(wen)題近(jin)年學者也開(kai)展了(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)研(yan)究。

用ELPI測試不同電(dian)場強度(du)(du)、停留時問、顆(ke)(ke)(ke)粒粒徑下(xia)微(wei)細(xi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)粒在(zai)濕式電(dian)除(chu)塵器內的脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)效率(lv)，研(yan)究發(fa)現，隨著(zhu)停留時問增(zeng)長(chang)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)效率(lv)從57%上升(sheng)至，隨著(zhu)電(dian)場強度(du)(du)增(zeng)大，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)效率(lv)提高。同初始(shi)微(wei)細(xi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)粒濃度(du)(du)對脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)效率(lv)的影(ying)響(xiang)，隨著(zhu)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)粒物初始(shi)濃度(du)(du)降低，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)效率(lv)有所下(xia)降，分級脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)效率(lv)整(zheng)體成U型分布。

新型(xing)濕式(shi)電(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器，除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器荷電(dian)區(qu)與(yu)(yu)收塵(chen)(chen)區(qu)分開，發現(xian)荷電(dian)區(qu)對(dui)細(xi)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)物(wu)(wu)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)為(wei)10%，提高荷電(dian)區(qu)與(yu)(yu)收塵(chen)(chen)區(qu)電(dian)壓(ya)及減少(shao)收塵(chen)(chen)區(qu)極問(wen)距(ju)均對(dui)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)應(ying)具有作(zuo)用(yong)，可高達(da)99.7%。水膜對(dui)微細(xi)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)靜電(dian)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)影響規律(lv)，結果表(biao)明粒(li)徑為(wei)0.5μm時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)較低，隨著(zhu)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)直徑的(de)(de)(de)增大或(huo)減小(xiao)(xiao)，顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)都將增大。水膜能夠顯著(zhu)提高小(xiao)(xiao)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)，當顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)直徑小(xiao)(xiao)于0.1μm顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)提高約(yue)50%，對(dui)大顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)也有較顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)高約(yue)8%。以上研(yan)究，多為(wei)濕式(shi)電(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器污染物(wu)(wu)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)宏觀效(xiao)率(lv)試驗，缺(que)乏對(dui)于濕式(shi)電(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器內(nei)部顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)分布、受(shou)力與(yu)(yu)運動特性等方面的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究，而這對(dui)于優(you)化濕式(shi)電(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)過程進一步提高微細(xi)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)至關重要。

通過ELPI對(dui)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)過程中(zhong)微細(xi)顆粒的(de)(de)濃度(du)分(fen)(fen)布進(jin)行實時測量，基于顆粒濃度(du)變化研究(jiu)分(fen)(fen)析了水膜(mo)對(dui)微細(xi)顆粒在(zai)靜電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器內的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布狀況、運動(dong)軌跡(ji)、沉積情(qing)況、分(fen)(fen)級效(xiao)率及力學行為等的(de)(de)影(ying)響，揭(jie)示(shi)水膜(mo)影(ying)響微細(xi)顆粒脫(tuo)除(chu)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)機(ji)理，為濕(shi)式電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器脫(tuo)除(chu)微細(xi)顆粒奠定理論基礎。

改進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)結(jie)構在(zai)(zai)單區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器中(zhong)，粒(li)子的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)捕集(ji)都在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內完成，而雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)粒(li)子荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是分(fen)(fen)(fen)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)。前區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極(ji)，粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)此區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)安裝收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)，粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)此區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內被捕集(ji)。雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)技術是在(zai)(zai)末(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)，將單一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，并(bing)用(yong)不同的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根(gen)據需要(yao)，有所區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)別地向這兩(liang)個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)供(gong)應適宜的(de)(de)(de)運行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)其(qi)(qi)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)功能。荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)是對(dui)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)進行荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同時又(you)在(zai)(zai)陽極(ji)板(ban)上(shang)收(shou)集(ji)帶負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)則使顆粒(li)從煙氣(qi)中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離，將絕大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)顆粒(li)吸(xi)(xi)附到收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)板(ban)上(shang)；同一(yi)(yi)些(xie)帶正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)顆粒(li)吸(xi)(xi)附至其(qi)(qi)陰極(ji)(又(you)稱(cheng)輔助電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji))。雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)由(you)于荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)開(kai)(kai)后，在(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)可(ke)以比較(jiao)靈(ling)活(huo)地調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，通(tong)過減小(xiao)極(ji)間距，可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)能使塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)地荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，運行也(ye)很。在(zai)(zai)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，可(ke)地提(ti)高(gao)(gao)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)均勻性，有利于提(ti)效率。對(dui)雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)對(dui)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)驅進速度(du)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)系數(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)表明，為(wei)防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器發(fa)生反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈問(wen)題并(bing)提(ti)效率，在(zai)(zai)末(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)采用(yong)雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)結(jie)構，將粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荷(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)過程及其(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備分(fen)(fen)(fen)開(kai)(kai)，使兩(liang)個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)運行參數(shu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別達(da)到較(jiao)佳化(hua)。通(tong)過實驗研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)表明，與傳統(tong)臥式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器相比，雙區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)可(ke)使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)平均驅進速度(du)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)20%左右；除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率則隨之上(shang)升，并(bing)將粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)排放(fang)濃度(du)降低(di)到50mg/m3以下(xia)。

其二、靜電除塵(chen)器的(de)工作原理

濕(shi)式(shi)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)配(pei)件實(shi)質(zhi)上(shang)是由(you)兩個極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組成(cheng)其中是表而(er)曲率很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線狀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))，稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，一(yi)個是板狀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))，稱集塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。工(gong)作時常(chang)(chang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和集塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)施加直(zhi)流高壓(ya)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)其附(fu)近(jin)形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區內(nei)生(sheng)成(cheng)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)和正(zheng)離(li)(li)子(zi)，以(yi)及由(you)自(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)附(fu)著而(er)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體分(fen)子(zi)—負(fu)離(li)(li)子(zi)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下正(zheng)離(li)(li)子(zi)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運動，自(zi)由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)和負(fu)離(li)(li)子(zi)向集塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)移動，充滿(man)到兩極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕大(da)(da)部分(fen)空(kong)間(jian)。當(dang)污染氣體通(tong)(tong)過(guo)這一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場空(kong)間(jian)時，充滿(man)在(zai)空(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)和負(fu)離(li)(li)子(zi)將與物體染氣體中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣溶膠(jiao)粒(li)子(zi)碰撞并附(fu)著在(zai)其上(shang)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，形(xing)成(cheng)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)子(zi)。由(you)十在(zai)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中作用在(zai)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒(li)子(zi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力比重力大(da)(da)得多(duo)，所以(yi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下，這些帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)子(zi)將被驅往集塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，放(fang)出所帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷而(er)沉積在(zai)集塵(chen)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)。

當然由(you)電(dian)暈放電(dian)形(xing)成的正(zheng)離(li)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)氣溶膠粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)碰撞時(shi)也可使(shi)之(zhi)帶電(dian)，形(xing)成帶正(zheng)電(dian)的粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)，沉積(ji)到(dao)電(dian)暈極(ji)上(shang)。但(dan)是由(you)十出現在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈區內(nei)的正(zheng)離(li)子(zi)(zi)向(xiang)電(dian)暈極(ji)運(yun)動的路徑(jing)，只能與(yu)少(shao)數(shu)氣膠粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)相遇而使(shi)之(zhi)荷電(dian)，所以(yi)沉積(ji)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)暈極(ji)上(shang)的粉塵(chen)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)(li)是不多的。當沉積(ji)在(zai)(zai)集塵(chen)極(ji)(或電(dian)暈極(ji))上(shang)的粉塵(chen)到(dao)厚度時(shi)，應由(you)清(qing)(qing)灰裝置及時(shi)清(qing)(qing)理(li)，使(shi)粉塵(chen)落入灰斗后排(pai)出。